Molecular Xenomonitoring Using Mosquitoes to Map Lymphatic Filariasis after Mass Drug Administration in American Samoa
Identifieur interne : 002814 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002813; suivant : 002815Molecular Xenomonitoring Using Mosquitoes to Map Lymphatic Filariasis after Mass Drug Administration in American Samoa
Auteurs : Mark A. Schmaedick ; Amanda L. Koppel [États-Unis] ; Nils Pilotte [États-Unis] ; Melissa Torres [États-Unis] ; Steven A. Williams [États-Unis] ; Stephen L. Dobson [États-Unis] ; Patrick J. Lammie [États-Unis] ; Kimberly Y. Won [États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases [ 1935-2727 ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- ADN des helminthes (analyse), ADN des helminthes (génétique), Aedes (parasitologie), Animaux, Culex (parasitologie), Filaricides (usage thérapeutique), Filariose lymphatique (traitement médicamenteux), Filariose lymphatique (transmission), Filariose lymphatique (épidémiologie), Humains, Wuchereria bancrofti (), Wuchereria bancrofti (génétique), Épidémiologie moléculaire.
- MESH :
- analyse : ADN des helminthes.
- génétique : ADN des helminthes, Wuchereria bancrofti.
- parasitologie : Aedes, Culex.
- traitement médicamenteux : Filariose lymphatique.
- usage thérapeutique : Filaricides, Filariose lymphatique.
- épidémiologie : Filariose lymphatique.
- Animaux, Humains, Wuchereria bancrofti, Épidémiologie moléculaire.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Aedes (parasitology), Animals, Culex (parasitology), DNA, Helminth (analysis), DNA, Helminth (genetics), Elephantiasis, Filarial (drug therapy), Elephantiasis, Filarial (epidemiology), Elephantiasis, Filarial (transmission), Filaricides (therapeutic use), Humans, Molecular Epidemiology, Wuchereria bancrofti (classification), Wuchereria bancrofti (genetics).
- MESH :
- chemical , analysis : DNA, Helminth.
- chemical , genetics : DNA, Helminth.
- classification : Wuchereria bancrofti.
- drug therapy : Elephantiasis, Filarial.
- epidemiology : Elephantiasis, Filarial.
- genetics : Wuchereria bancrofti.
- parasitology : Aedes, Culex.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Filaricides.
- transmission : Elephantiasis, Filarial.
- Animals, Humans, Molecular Epidemiology.
Abstract
Mass drug administration (MDA) programs have dramatically reduced lymphatic filariasis (LF) incidence in many areas around the globe, including American Samoa. As infection rates decline and MDA programs end, efficient and sensitive methods for detecting infections are needed to monitor for recrudescence. Molecular methods, collectively termed ‘molecular xenomonitoring,’ can identify parasite DNA or RNA in human blood-feeding mosquitoes. We tested mosquitoes trapped throughout the inhabited islands of American Samoa to identify areas of possible continuing LF transmission after completion of MDA.
Mosquitoes were collected using BG Sentinel traps from most of the villages on American Samoa's largest island, Tutuila, and all major villages on the smaller islands of Aunu'u, Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u. Real-time PCR was used to detect
Our results suggest low but widespread prevalence of LF on Tutuila and Aunu'u where 98% of the population resides, but not Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u islands. Molecular xenomonitoring can help identify areas of possible LF transmission, but its use in the LF elimination program in American Samoa is limited by the need for more efficient mosquito collection methods and a better understanding of the relationship between prevalence of
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003087
PubMed: 25122037
PubMed Central: 4133231
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000410
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000410
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 001988
- to stream PubMed, to step Corpus: 001392
- to stream PubMed, to step Curation: 001392
- to stream PubMed, to step Checkpoint: 001392
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 006975
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 006975
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 006975
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 002818
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 002814
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Molecular Xenomonitoring Using Mosquitoes to Map Lymphatic Filariasis after Mass Drug Administration in American Samoa</title><author><name sortKey="Schmaedick, Mark A" sort="Schmaedick, Mark A" uniqKey="Schmaedick M" first="Mark A." last="Schmaedick">Mark A. Schmaedick</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Division of Community and Natural Resources, American Samoa Community College, Pago Pago, American Samoa</addr-line></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">American Samoa</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koppel, Amanda L" sort="Koppel, Amanda L" uniqKey="Koppel A" first="Amanda L." last="Koppel">Amanda L. Koppel</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Kentucky</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pilotte, Nils" sort="Pilotte, Nils" uniqKey="Pilotte N" first="Nils" last="Pilotte">Nils Pilotte</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torres, Melissa" sort="Torres, Melissa" uniqKey="Torres M" first="Melissa" last="Torres">Melissa Torres</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Steven A" sort="Williams, Steven A" uniqKey="Williams S" first="Steven A." last="Williams">Steven A. Williams</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dobson, Stephen L" sort="Dobson, Stephen L" uniqKey="Dobson S" first="Stephen L." last="Dobson">Stephen L. Dobson</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Kentucky</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lammie, Patrick J" sort="Lammie, Patrick J" uniqKey="Lammie P" first="Patrick J." last="Lammie">Patrick J. Lammie</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Won, Kimberly Y" sort="Won, Kimberly Y" uniqKey="Won K" first="Kimberly Y." last="Won">Kimberly Y. Won</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25122037</idno><idno type="pmc">4133231</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4133231</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4133231</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pntd.0003087</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000410</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000410</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000410</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000410</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001988</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001988</idno><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">001392</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001392</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">001392</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">001392</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">001392</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">001392</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">006975</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">006975</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">006975</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">1935-2727:2014:Schmaedick M:molecular:xenomonitoring:using</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">002818</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">002814</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">002814</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Molecular Xenomonitoring Using Mosquitoes to Map Lymphatic Filariasis after Mass Drug Administration in American Samoa</title><author><name sortKey="Schmaedick, Mark A" sort="Schmaedick, Mark A" uniqKey="Schmaedick M" first="Mark A." last="Schmaedick">Mark A. Schmaedick</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Division of Community and Natural Resources, American Samoa Community College, Pago Pago, American Samoa</addr-line></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">American Samoa</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koppel, Amanda L" sort="Koppel, Amanda L" uniqKey="Koppel A" first="Amanda L." last="Koppel">Amanda L. Koppel</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Kentucky</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pilotte, Nils" sort="Pilotte, Nils" uniqKey="Pilotte N" first="Nils" last="Pilotte">Nils Pilotte</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torres, Melissa" sort="Torres, Melissa" uniqKey="Torres M" first="Melissa" last="Torres">Melissa Torres</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Steven A" sort="Williams, Steven A" uniqKey="Williams S" first="Steven A." last="Williams">Steven A. Williams</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dobson, Stephen L" sort="Dobson, Stephen L" uniqKey="Dobson S" first="Stephen L." last="Dobson">Stephen L. Dobson</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Kentucky</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lammie, Patrick J" sort="Lammie, Patrick J" uniqKey="Lammie P" first="Patrick J." last="Lammie">Patrick J. Lammie</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Won, Kimberly Y" sort="Won, Kimberly Y" uniqKey="Won K" first="Kimberly Y." last="Won">Kimberly Y. Won</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases</title><idno type="ISSN">1935-2727</idno><idno type="eISSN">1935-2735</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aedes (parasitology)</term><term>Animals</term><term>Culex (parasitology)</term><term>DNA, Helminth (analysis)</term><term>DNA, Helminth (genetics)</term><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (drug therapy)</term><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (epidemiology)</term><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (transmission)</term><term>Filaricides (therapeutic use)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Molecular Epidemiology</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti (classification)</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti (genetics)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>ADN des helminthes (analyse)</term><term>ADN des helminthes (génétique)</term><term>Aedes (parasitologie)</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Culex (parasitologie)</term><term>Filaricides (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Filariose lymphatique (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Filariose lymphatique (transmission)</term><term>Filariose lymphatique (épidémiologie)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti ()</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti (génétique)</term><term>Épidémiologie moléculaire</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA, Helminth</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA, Helminth</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analyse" xml:lang="fr"><term>ADN des helminthes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>ADN des helminthes</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Aedes</term><term>Culex</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitology" xml:lang="en"><term>Aedes</term><term>Culex</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Filaricides</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Filariose lymphatique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Filaricides</term><term>Filariose lymphatique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Filariose lymphatique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Humans</term><term>Molecular Epidemiology</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Humains</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term><term>Épidémiologie moléculaire</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Mass drug administration (MDA) programs have dramatically reduced lymphatic filariasis (LF) incidence in many areas around the globe, including American Samoa. As infection rates decline and MDA programs end, efficient and sensitive methods for detecting infections are needed to monitor for recrudescence. Molecular methods, collectively termed ‘molecular xenomonitoring,’ can identify parasite DNA or RNA in human blood-feeding mosquitoes. We tested mosquitoes trapped throughout the inhabited islands of American Samoa to identify areas of possible continuing LF transmission after completion of MDA.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology/Principle Findings</title><p>Mosquitoes were collected using BG Sentinel traps from most of the villages on American Samoa's largest island, Tutuila, and all major villages on the smaller islands of Aunu'u, Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u. Real-time PCR was used to detect <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic> DNA in pools of ≤20 mosquitoes, and PoolScreen software was used to infer territory-wide prevalences of <italic>W. bancrofti</italic> DNA in the mosquitoes. <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic> DNA was found in mosquitoes from 16 out of the 27 village areas sampled on Tutuila and Aunu'u islands but none of the five villages on the Manu'a islands of Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u. The overall 95% confidence interval estimate for <italic>W. bancrofti</italic> DNA prevalence in the LF vector <italic>Ae. polynesiensis</italic> was 0.20–0.39%, and parasite DNA was also detected in pools of <italic>Culex quinquefasciatus</italic>, <italic>Aedes aegypti</italic>, and <italic>Aedes</italic> (<italic>Finlaya</italic>) spp.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions/Significance</title><p>Our results suggest low but widespread prevalence of LF on Tutuila and Aunu'u where 98% of the population resides, but not Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u islands. Molecular xenomonitoring can help identify areas of possible LF transmission, but its use in the LF elimination program in American Samoa is limited by the need for more efficient mosquito collection methods and a better understanding of the relationship between prevalence of <italic>W. bancrofti</italic> DNA in mosquitoes and infection and transmission rates in humans.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ramalingam, S" uniqKey="Ramalingam S">S Ramalingam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Belkin, Jn" uniqKey="Belkin J">JN Belkin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ichimori, K" uniqKey="Ichimori K">K Ichimori</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ramalingam, S" uniqKey="Ramalingam S">S Ramalingam</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Suzuki, T" uniqKey="Suzuki T">T Suzuki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sone, F" uniqKey="Sone F">F Sone</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Laird, M" uniqKey="Laird M">M Laird</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Burkot, Tr" uniqKey="Burkot T">TR Burkot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Handzel, T" uniqKey="Handzel T">T Handzel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schmaedick, Ma" uniqKey="Schmaedick M">MA Schmaedick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tufa, J" uniqKey="Tufa J">J Tufa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roberts, Jm" uniqKey="Roberts J">JM Roberts</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lambdin, Bh" uniqKey="Lambdin B">BH Lambdin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schmaedick, Ma" uniqKey="Schmaedick M">MA Schmaedick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcclintock, S" uniqKey="Mcclintock S">S McClintock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roberts, J" uniqKey="Roberts J">J Roberts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gurr, Ne" uniqKey="Gurr N">NE Gurr</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jachowski, La" uniqKey="Jachowski L">LA Jachowski</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Byrd, Ee" uniqKey="Byrd E">EE Byrd</name></author><author><name sortKey="St Amant, L" uniqKey="St Amant L">L St. Amant</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bromberg, L" uniqKey="Bromberg L">L Bromberg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Uchida, K" uniqKey="Uchida K">K Uchida</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ichimori, K" uniqKey="Ichimori K">K Ichimori</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paulson, Gs" uniqKey="Paulson G">GS Paulson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cox, Pa" uniqKey="Cox P">PA Cox</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sone, F" uniqKey="Sone F">F Sone</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ramalingam, S" uniqKey="Ramalingam S">S Ramalingam</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Samarawickrema, Wa" uniqKey="Samarawickrema W">WA Samarawickrema</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sone, F" uniqKey="Sone F">F Sone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paulson, Gs" uniqKey="Paulson G">GS Paulson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kimura, E" uniqKey="Kimura E">E Kimura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Uchida, K" uniqKey="Uchida K">K Uchida</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="King, Jd" uniqKey="King J">JD King</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zielinski Gutierrez, E" uniqKey="Zielinski Gutierrez E">E Zielinski-Gutierrez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pa Au, M" uniqKey="Pa Au M">M Pa'au</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lammie, P" uniqKey="Lammie P">P Lammie</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ichimori, K" uniqKey="Ichimori K">K Ichimori</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crump, A" uniqKey="Crump A">A Crump</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Burkot, Tr" uniqKey="Burkot T">TR Burkot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taleo, G" uniqKey="Taleo G">G Taleo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Toeaso, V" uniqKey="Toeaso V">V Toeaso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ichimori, K" uniqKey="Ichimori K">K Ichimori</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liang, Jl" uniqKey="Liang J">JL Liang</name></author><author><name sortKey="King, Jd" uniqKey="King J">JD King</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ichimori, K" uniqKey="Ichimori K">K Ichimori</name></author><author><name sortKey="Handzel, T" uniqKey="Handzel T">T Handzel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pa Au, M" uniqKey="Pa Au M">M Pa'au</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mladonicky, Jm" uniqKey="Mladonicky J">JM Mladonicky</name></author><author><name sortKey="King, Jd" uniqKey="King J">JD King</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liang, Jl" uniqKey="Liang J">JL Liang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chambers, E" uniqKey="Chambers E">E Chambers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pa Au, M" uniqKey="Pa Au M">M Pa'au</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weil, Gj" uniqKey="Weil G">GJ Weil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ramzy, Rmr" uniqKey="Ramzy R">RMR Ramzy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Plichart, C" uniqKey="Plichart C">C Plichart</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laney, Sj" uniqKey="Laney S">SJ Laney</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sechan, Y" uniqKey="Sechan Y">Y Sechan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davies, N" uniqKey="Davies N">N Davies</name></author><author><name sortKey="Legrand, A M" uniqKey="Legrand A">A-M Legrand</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Farid, Ha" uniqKey="Farid H">HA Farid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morsy, Zs" uniqKey="Morsy Z">ZS Morsy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Helmy, H" uniqKey="Helmy H">H Helmy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ramzy, Rmr" uniqKey="Ramzy R">RMR Ramzy</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Setouhy, M" uniqKey="El Setouhy M">M El Setouhy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chambers, Ew" uniqKey="Chambers E">EW Chambers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcclintock, Sk" uniqKey="Mcclintock S">SK McClintock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Avery, Mf" uniqKey="Avery M">MF Avery</name></author><author><name sortKey="King, Jd" uniqKey="King J">JD King</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bradley, Mh" uniqKey="Bradley M">MH Bradley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schmaedick, Ma" uniqKey="Schmaedick M">MA Schmaedick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ball, Ts" uniqKey="Ball T">TS Ball</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burkot, Tr" uniqKey="Burkot T">TR Burkot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gurr, Ne" uniqKey="Gurr N">NE Gurr</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Laney, Sj" uniqKey="Laney S">SJ Laney</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burraro, Cj" uniqKey="Burraro C">CJ Burraro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Visconti, S" uniqKey="Visconti S">S Visconti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pilotte, N" uniqKey="Pilotte N">N Pilotte</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ramzy, Rmr" uniqKey="Ramzy R">RMR Ramzy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fischer, P" uniqKey="Fischer P">P Fischer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Erickson, Sm" uniqKey="Erickson S">SM Erickson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, K" uniqKey="Fischer K">K Fischer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fuchs, Jf" uniqKey="Fuchs J">JF Fuchs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, Ru" uniqKey="Rao R">RU Rao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Erickson, Sm" uniqKey="Erickson S">SM Erickson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, K" uniqKey="Fischer K">K Fischer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weil, Gj" uniqKey="Weil G">GJ Weil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Christensen, Bm" uniqKey="Christensen B">BM Christensen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Pu" uniqKey="Fischer P">PU Fischer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ramzy, Rm" uniqKey="Ramzy R">RM Ramzy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Helmy, H" uniqKey="Helmy H">H Helmy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Faris, R" uniqKey="Faris R">R Faris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gad, Am" uniqKey="Gad A">AM Gad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chandrashekar, R" uniqKey="Chandrashekar R">R Chandrashekar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weil, Gj" uniqKey="Weil G">GJ Weil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ramzy, Rmr" uniqKey="Ramzy R">RMR Ramzy</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Setouhy, M" uniqKey="El Setouhy M">M El Setouhy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kandil, Am" uniqKey="Kandil A">AM Kandil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Es" uniqKey="Ahmed E">ES Ahmed</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lammie, Pj" uniqKey="Lammie P">PJ Lammie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weil, G" uniqKey="Weil G">G Weil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Noordin, R" uniqKey="Noordin R">R Noordin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kaliraj, P" uniqKey="Kaliraj P">P Kaliraj</name></author><author><name sortKey="Steel, C" uniqKey="Steel C">C Steel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chu, Bk" uniqKey="Chu B">BK Chu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deming, M" uniqKey="Deming M">M Deming</name></author><author><name sortKey="Biritwum, N K" uniqKey="Biritwum N">N-K Biritwum</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bougma, Wr" uniqKey="Bougma W">WR Bougma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dorkenoo, Am" uniqKey="Dorkenoo A">AM Dorkenoo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Huang, Y M" uniqKey="Huang Y">Y-M Huang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fischer, P" uniqKey="Fischer P">P Fischer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wibowo, H" uniqKey="Wibowo H">H Wibowo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pischke, S" uniqKey="Pischke S">S Pischke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ruckert, P" uniqKey="Ruckert P">P Rückert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liebau, E" uniqKey="Liebau E">E Liebau</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rao, Ru" uniqKey="Rao R">RU Rao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Atkinson, Lj" uniqKey="Atkinson L">LJ Atkinson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ramzy, Rmr" uniqKey="Ramzy R">RMR Ramzy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Helmy, H" uniqKey="Helmy H">H Helmy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farid, Ha" uniqKey="Farid H">HA Farid</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Em" uniqKey="Pedersen E">EM Pedersen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stolk, Wa" uniqKey="Stolk W">WA Stolk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laney, Sj" uniqKey="Laney S">SJ Laney</name></author><author><name sortKey="Michael, E" uniqKey="Michael E">E Michael</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Goodman, Ds" uniqKey="Goodman D">DS Goodman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Orelus, J N" uniqKey="Orelus J">J-N Orelus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roberts, Jm" uniqKey="Roberts J">JM Roberts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lammie, Pj" uniqKey="Lammie P">PJ Lammie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Streit, Tg" uniqKey="Streit T">TG Streit</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Irish, Sr" uniqKey="Irish S">SR Irish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Sj" uniqKey="Moore S">SJ Moore</name></author><author><name sortKey="Derua, Ya" uniqKey="Derua Y">YA Derua</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bruce, J" uniqKey="Bruce J">J Bruce</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cameron, Mm" uniqKey="Cameron M">MM Cameron</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chadee, Dd" uniqKey="Chadee D">DD Chadee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Sa" uniqKey="Williams S">SA Williams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ottesen, Ea" uniqKey="Ottesen E">EA Ottesen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tempelis, Ch" uniqKey="Tempelis C">CH Tempelis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hayes, Ro" uniqKey="Hayes R">RO Hayes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hess, Ad" uniqKey="Hess A">AD Hess</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reeves, Wc" uniqKey="Reeves W">WC Reeves</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scott, Tw" uniqKey="Scott T">TW Scott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morrison, Ac" uniqKey="Morrison A">AC Morrison</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lorenz, Lh" uniqKey="Lorenz L">LH Lorenz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clark, Gg" uniqKey="Clark G">GG Clark</name></author><author><name sortKey="Strickman, D" uniqKey="Strickman D">D Strickman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Symes, Cb" uniqKey="Symes C">CB Symes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harrington, Lc" uniqKey="Harrington L">LC Harrington</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, Tw" uniqKey="Scott T">TW Scott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lerdthusnee, K" uniqKey="Lerdthusnee K">K Lerdthusnee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coleman, Rc" uniqKey="Coleman R">RC Coleman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Costero, A" uniqKey="Costero A">A Costero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clark, Gg" uniqKey="Clark G">GG Clark</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Jj" uniqKey="Jones J">JJ Jones</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kitthawee, S" uniqKey="Kitthawee S">S Kitthawee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kittayapong, P" uniqKey="Kittayapong P">P Kittayapong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sithiprasasna, R" uniqKey="Sithiprasasna R">R Sithiprasasna</name></author><author><name sortKey="Edman, Jd" uniqKey="Edman J">JD Edman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lindquist, Aw" uniqKey="Lindquist A">AW Lindquist</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ikeshoji, T" uniqKey="Ikeshoji T">T Ikeshoji</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grab, B" uniqKey="Grab B">B Grab</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Meillon, B" uniqKey="De Meillon B">B de Meillon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, Zh" uniqKey="Khan Z">ZH Khan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schreiber, Et" uniqKey="Schreiber E">ET Schreiber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mulla, Ms" uniqKey="Mulla M">MS Mulla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chaney, Jd" uniqKey="Chaney J">JD Chaney</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dhillon, Ms" uniqKey="Dhillon M">MS Dhillon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reisen, Wk" uniqKey="Reisen W">WK Reisen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Milby, Mm" uniqKey="Milby M">MM Milby</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Rp" uniqKey="Meyer R">RP Meyer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pfuntner, Ar" uniqKey="Pfuntner A">AR Pfuntner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Spoehel, J" uniqKey="Spoehel J">J Spoehel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lapointe, Da" uniqKey="Lapointe D">DA LaPointe</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gambhir, M" uniqKey="Gambhir M">M Gambhir</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bockarie, M" uniqKey="Bockarie M">M Bockarie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tisch, D" uniqKey="Tisch D">D Tisch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kazura, J" uniqKey="Kazura J">J Kazura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Remais, J" uniqKey="Remais J">J Remais</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Joseph, H" uniqKey="Joseph H">H Joseph</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maloney, J" uniqKey="Maloney J">J Maloney</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maiava, F" uniqKey="Maiava F">F Maiava</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcclintock, Sk" uniqKey="Mcclintock S">SK McClintock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lammie, Pj" uniqKey="Lammie P">PJ Lammie</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Russell, Rc" uniqKey="Russell R">RC Russell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Webb, Ce" uniqKey="Webb C">CE Webb</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davies, N" uniqKey="Davies N">N Davies</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Géorgie (États-Unis)</li><li>Kentucky</li><li>Massachusetts</li></region></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Schmaedick, Mark A" sort="Schmaedick, Mark A" uniqKey="Schmaedick M" first="Mark A." last="Schmaedick">Mark A. Schmaedick</name></noCountry><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Kentucky"><name sortKey="Koppel, Amanda L" sort="Koppel, Amanda L" uniqKey="Koppel A" first="Amanda L." last="Koppel">Amanda L. Koppel</name></region><name sortKey="Dobson, Stephen L" sort="Dobson, Stephen L" uniqKey="Dobson S" first="Stephen L." last="Dobson">Stephen L. Dobson</name><name sortKey="Lammie, Patrick J" sort="Lammie, Patrick J" uniqKey="Lammie P" first="Patrick J." last="Lammie">Patrick J. Lammie</name><name sortKey="Pilotte, Nils" sort="Pilotte, Nils" uniqKey="Pilotte N" first="Nils" last="Pilotte">Nils Pilotte</name><name sortKey="Torres, Melissa" sort="Torres, Melissa" uniqKey="Torres M" first="Melissa" last="Torres">Melissa Torres</name><name sortKey="Williams, Steven A" sort="Williams, Steven A" uniqKey="Williams S" first="Steven A." last="Williams">Steven A. Williams</name><name sortKey="Won, Kimberly Y" sort="Won, Kimberly Y" uniqKey="Won K" first="Kimberly Y." last="Won">Kimberly Y. Won</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/LymphedemaV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002814 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 002814 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Sante
|area= LymphedemaV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4133231
|texte= Molecular Xenomonitoring Using Mosquitoes to Map Lymphatic Filariasis after Mass Drug Administration in American Samoa
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:25122037" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a LymphedemaV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31. |  |